Dredging is a process that involves the aquatic excavation of water beds to remove sediments, pollutants, shellfish and other materials. The methods and machinery used in dredging vary widely. Most dredging is done by ships that tow a dredge along the water bed. Self standing dredges and dredge pumping stations are used for routine tasks. A dredge, which is the catch all term for the…
What are Stresses in Soil, Over burden Pressure, Total Stress, Effective Stress, Pore water Pressure
August 2, 2015
The Structural loads are supported on soil through foundations. These loads produce stresses and resulting strains or deformations in the soil below the foundation. The deformation in the vertical direction is usually termed as settlement, which occurs due to the vertical…
Recently while working on a dam project I go through a term called Roller Compacted Concrete. Mostly abbreviated as R.C.C but it must not be confused with Reinforced Cement Concrete. The word is enough to define itself; roller compacted concrete is a relatively stiff…
The guniting is the most effective process of repairing concrete work which has been damaged due to inferior work or other reasons. It is also used for providing an impervious layer.
The gunite is a mixture of cement and sand, the usual proportion being 1:3. A cement gun is used to deposit this mixture on the concrete surface under a pressure of about 20 to 30 N/cm2.
Shotcrete is concrete (or…
An estimate of the cost of a construction job is the probable cost of that job as computed from plans and specifications.
As a quality of a good estimate the, actual cost of the proposed work after completion should not differ by more then 5 to 10 % from its approximate…
Population prediction is a very important aspect in environmental engineering that helps in determination of certain factors that helps in future planning and for accurate determination of the certain requirement in future.
The current population of any society can be…
What are Groundwater Zones, Aeration, Saturation, Pheratic Zone, Vedose Zone
February 24, 2015
Groundwater is enormous and significant source of fresh water that owns huge share regarding water requirement of humans. Soil being a porous and non-porous medium allows movement of water through interstices and pores through various phenomenon.
In terms of groundwater hydrology, the underground soil water is classified in to two basic zones:-
a) Zone of Aerationb) Zone of Saturation
Zone of…
Post tensioning structures are used in the design of buildings, bridges, and other structures with great tensile strength. There are several different types of materials used to make these structures, including steel cables and bars, high-strength steels, concrete, or…
Download The Wiley Dictionary of Civil Engineering and Construction by L.F. Webster
September 16, 2014
The definitions in the book have been compiled to be of use to those working in a wide range of professions related to civil engineering and trades involving architecture, engineering, surveying building, heavy construction, forestry, surface and open-pit mining, and public…
Concrete being plastic material in fresh state, has to kept within an enclosure (moulds) till it gain reasonable strength, this temporary structure which has to be built for any concrete member is called “Formwork”.
Click me to read more about the Form work defintion and other defintions
Characteristics of a Good Formwork
Basic Requirements of a Good Formwork:
@import…
The word Fatigue means repetitive action of loads, thus fatigue cracking by names means cracking due to the repetition of loads. As the pavement is subjected to number of vehicles of different sizes and loads the stress keeps on pilling up and thus the cracks appears which…
During construction of reinforced concrete works as well as their maintenance, we need to support the structure as long as it is in its premature state or plastic state as it could not even bear its own load. After the suitable duration of time, i.e. when concrete sets…
Variety of Construction Materials are being used now a days depending upon the availability and transportation cost, lesser the material available expensive will be the structure and as a result structural engineer might have to think to change the material accordingly. In mountains where brick is not easily available due to less availability of plain surface timber is preferred, similarly in…
