Engineering is a feature of life since human being. Civil engineering in Pakistan is very capable authority that also deals with the future plan, different kind of structure, build design, dams, Bridges and buildings. Pakistan has also some Civil engineering Universities in which students get the knowledge about this specific course. Complete list of all … Read more
Construction of buildings can be divided into three main categories: Load bearing constructionComposite constructionFramed construction But among the three types, framed construction is widely used for all kinds of constructions. An engineering structure is an assembly of number of elements transferring the loads and providing a form space to serve the desired function. The structural … Read more
Rock, that is removed from its natural site and generally, cut or dressed and then finished for building purposes, is called \”Stone\” and the art of building the structure with stones as constructional units is called \”Stone Masonry\”. (1) Rubble Masonry(2) Ashlar Masonry Rubble Masonry The stone masonry in which either undressed or roughly dressed … Read more
Bond is the arrangement of bricks or stones in each course, so as to ensure the greatest possible interlocking and to avoid the continuity of vertical joints in two successive courses, both on the face and in the body of a wall. Types of Bonds used in Masonry OBJECTIVES OF BONDS A bond is provided … Read more
When bricks are laid in mortar in a proper systematic manner, they form a homogeneous mass, which can withstand forces without disintegration. This mass of the structure, so made by the use of bricks is called \”Brick Masonry\” or simply \”Brick work\”. Bricks are of uniform size and shape, light in weight, durable, fire resistant, … Read more