Stone Masonry and its Types

Rock, that is removed from its natural site and generally, cut or dressed and then finished for building purposes, is called \”Stone\” and the art of building the structure with stones as constructional units is called \”Stone Masonry\”. (1) Rubble Masonry(2) Ashlar Masonry Rubble Masonry The stone masonry in which either undressed or roughly dressed … Read more

Brick Masonry

When bricks are laid in mortar in a proper systematic manner, they form a homogeneous mass, which can withstand forces without disintegration. This mass of the structure, so made by the use of bricks is called \”Brick Masonry\” or simply \”Brick work\”. Bricks are of uniform size and shape, light in weight, durable, fire resistant, … Read more

Industrial Sector Combustion Emissions, How to reduce and control?

Industrial activities play an important role in the economic well-being of a country contributing to sustainable growth. However, industrial activities also have a significant impact on the environment. Industrial Sector Combustion Emissions, How to reduce and control?  The largest industrial installations account for a considerable share of total emissions of key atmospheric pollutants and also … Read more

Rebound Hammer Test, Schmidt hammer Test, Non-destructive Concrete Testing

This is one of the oldest non-destructive tests and it is still widely used. It was devised in 1948 by Ernst Schmidt, and is therefore known also as Schmidt hammer, or sclerometer, test. The hardness measured by the rebound hammer is quite different from the hardness determined in tests on metals which involve indentation. Rebound … Read more