Procedure for Design of Abutments

A series of steps must be followed to obtain a satisfactory design. STEP 1: SELECT PRELIMINARY PROPORTIONS OF THE WALL. STEP 2: DETERMINE LOADS AND EARTH PRESSURES. STEP 3: CALCULATE MAGNITUDE OF REACTION FORCES ON BASE. STEP 4: CHECK STABILITY AND SAFETY CRITERIAa. Location of normal component of reactions.b. Adequacy of bearing pressure.c. Safety against … Read more

Tohid Tunnel , Tahran , Iran

Tohid Tunnel is a tunnel in Tehran, Iran. It is about 3 km long.it is the third longest urban tunnel in middle east. it has also broken the record of construction to be opened in less than 30 months. it is interior technical design has met the highest safety licences. It includes installation of utilities … Read more

Shotcrete and Gunite Difference and Definition

The guniting is the most effective process of repairing concrete work which has been damaged due to inferior work or other reasons. It is also used for providing an impervious layer. The gunite is a mixture of cement and sand, the usual proportion being 1:3. A cement gun is used to deposit this mixture on … Read more

Advantages and disadvantages of chlorination [PPT] Free Download

It is a simple presentation that explains briefly about the purification of water by chlorination.There are many advantages as well as some disadvantages of the process of chlorination and the same is discussed in this presentation. Some of the advantages includes; 1.Chlorine is cheap leads to purification process economical.2. Reliable source, kills almost all gastrointestinal … Read more

First ever Metro Train of Pakistan – Lahore Orange Line Metro Train Project

After the successful execution of Lahore Metro Bus Project, Pakistan is going to launch a Mass Rapid Transit Train system first time in Pakistan at Lahore with the name of “Lahore Orange Line Metro Train Project”. Estimated 27.1 Km track will facilitate more than 250 thousand passengers. The route of the train comprises both of … Read more